Resources about bees
What is a bee?
Bees are insects which feed pollen to their developing young, making them excellent pollinators. There are at least 632 species of bees in Oregon, including five managed species, a number of introduced species and a wide range of native species. Bee biodiversity varies across the state, with the highest diversity in the southern and eastern regions of Oregon.
Bees in the state can be characterized as managed bees (honey bees, mason bees, some bumblebees), species that are wild bees (i.e., reproduce without human management), native bees (i.e., species that occurs naturally in a region) and exotic bees (i.e., species introduced to Oregon from another region).
Managed bees
Identification resources
Wild Bees
Alfalfa leafcutting bees
Alfalfa leafcutter bee management in Western Canada Agriculture Canada Publication (1972)
Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee Incubation Calendar 2017 D.W. Goerzen, Research Scientist
Chalkbrood Control in Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food (apr. 1994)
Management of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee: In Northwestern Canada Agriculture Canada (n.d.)
Stored Product Pests in Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee Populations Sask Leafcutters Association (Sep. 2002)
Fall and Winter Management of Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees D.W. Goerzen, Research Scientist (2016)
Chalkbrood Disease in Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee Populations Sask Leafcutters Association (Sep. 2002)
Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee Incubation Calendar D.W. Goerzen, Research Scientist (2017)
Alkali bees
Alkali Bees vs. Drainage Utah State University (1995)
Management of Alkali Bees for Alfalfa Seed Production Washington State University (Dec. 1971)
Maintaining Alkali Bees for Alfalfa Seed Production OSU (Jan. 1959)
Bee Hotels
Native Bees, Solitary Bees, and Wild Bees: What are they? University of Minnesota (n.d.)
Building and Managing bee Hotels for Wild Bees Michigan State University (Jun. 2017)
Bumble Bees
Orchard Mason Bees
How to Manage the Blue Orchard Bee Sustainable Agricultural Network (2001)
Nurturing Mason Bees In Your Backyard in Western Oregon OSU (Feb. 2016)
Introductory Resources
Identifying Bees
Guide to Common Pollinators in the Willamette Valley in Western Oregon OSU (n.d.)
Common Bee Pollinators of Oregon Crops Oregon Department of Agriculture (revised Apr. 2017)
Increasing Bees & Pollinators
Technical Resources
Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes) Encyclopedia of Entomology (2008)
Megachilid Bees in the Pacific Northwest: An Introduction OSU (Dec. 2016)